Clock Requirements for Navigation, Communication and Identification Systems
نویسنده
چکیده
I n t r o d u c t i o n . D u r i n g t h e l a s t d e c a d e , p r e c i s i o n s t a n d a r d s o f f r e ' quency , a n d t h e c l o c k s b a s e d u p o n t h e m , h a v e p l a y e d i n c r e a s i n g l y i m p o r t a n t r o l e s i n t h e t r a n s m i s s i o n o f r a d i o s i g n a l s f o r a v a r i e t y o f a p p l i c a t i o n s . I n t h i s p a p e r , we d i s c u s s t h e u s e o f f r e q u e n c y s t a n d a r d s i n t h r e e a p p l i c a t i o n s : n a v i g a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d i d e n t i f i c a t i o n . The i n c r e a s i n g u s e o f d i g i t a l modes o f i n f o r m a t i o n t r a n s m i s s i o n h a s s p a r k e d new demand f o r i m p r o v e d o s c i l l a t o r s a n d c l o c k s . These i m p r o v e m e n t s r e f l e c t b e t t e r o p e r a t i o n a l p e r f o r m a n c e u n d e r many d i f f e r e n t e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n d i t i o n s , a n d r e d u c t i o n s i n c o s t t o a l l o w w i d e s p r e a d e c o n o m i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n . I n t h e f i r s t s e c t i o n o f t h e p a p e r , a s u r v e y i s o f f e r e d o f some o f t h e p r i n c i p a l n a v i g a t i o n s y s t e m s i n u s e t o d a y w h i c h d e p e n d o n p r e c i s e t i m e a n d f r e q u e n c y f o r t h e i r s u c c e s s f u l u s e . F o l l o w i n g i s a r e v i e w o f t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f p r e c i s i o n o s c i l l a t o r s a n d c l o c k s t o c e r t a i n c o m m u n i c a t i o n a n d i d e n t i f i c a t i o n f u n c t i o n s . The c h o i c e o f f r e q u e n c y s t a n d a r d i n a n y o f t h e s e s y s t e m s i s o f t e n g o v e r n e d b y t h e o p e r a t i n g e n v i r o n m e n t m o r e t h a n a n y o t h e r f a c t o r , a n d a d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e t r a d e o f f s b e t w e e n p e r f o r m a n c e , f a c i l i t y o f u s e a n d o s c i l l a t o r c o s t i s p r e s e n t e d . F i n a l l y some c o n c e r n s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e p r o c u r e m e n t o f a d e q u a t e s t a n d a r d s a r e d i s c u s s e d , a l o n g w i t h a s h o r t Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1981845
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